In our 3D in vitro model using human whole blood a massive cytokine release is experimentally induced in by activating the same pathways activated by invading pathogens. By culturing the cells in a 3D structure, the cells and soluble inflammatory mediators are allowed to interact in a more physiologically relevant setting. The assay have a fast kinetic and model the acute phase of the cytokine storm. This model can be varied to suit each specific scientific question.